Page 75 - WEF Reoprt 2020
P. 75

35  Examples include the Forum of Incident   43  CCW (Meeting of the High Contracting
                              Response and Security Teams (FIRST), Infor-  Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or
                              mation Sharing and Analysis Centers (ISACs),   Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conven-
                              the Cyber Threat Alliance and the Cyber    tional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to
                              Defense Alliance.                          Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscrim-
                                                                         inate Effects). CCW, Final Report of the 2019
                           36  Cihon, P. 2019. Technical Report: Standards   Meeting of the High Contracting Parties to
                              for AI Governance: International Standards to   the CCW (advance version), CCW/MSP/2019/
                              Enable Goal Coordination in AI Research &   CRP.2/Rev.1., 15 November 2019. https://
                              Development. Oxford: Center for Governance   www.unog.ch/80256EDD006B8954/(httpAs-
                              of AI Future of Humanity Institute. April 2019.   sets)/815F8EE33B64DADDC12584B7004C-
                              https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/up-    F3A4/$file/CCW+MSP+2019+CRP.2+Rev+1.
                              loads/Standards_-FHI-Technical-Report.pdf  pdf

                           37  United Nations. 2019. Op. cit.         44  Markman, J. 2019. “Trade War with China
                                                                         Will Hit U.S. Tech Companies Hard”. Forbes.
                           38  McDonald, J. 2019. “China Promises No     30 September 2019. https://www.forbes.
                              Forced Tech Transfers, Access to Finance”.   com/sites/jonmarkman/2019/09/30/trade-
                              Associated Press. 29 October 2019. https://  war-with-china-will-hit-u-s-tech-companies-
                              apnews.com/5dcec36663324b34b290f3f7f-      hard/#7621e04c6cca
                              378c6f3
                                                                      45  Deloitte. 2016. The Economic Impact of
                           39  Waters, R. 2019. “No End in Sight to Split In-  Disruptions to Internet Connectivity. A Report
                              ternet Say Researchers”. Financial Times. 20   for Facebook. Deloitte. https://www2.deloitte.
                              February 2019. https://www.ft.com/content/  com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Docu-
                              69f97e7e-34a3-11e9-bd3a-8b2a211d90d5       ments/Technology-Media-Telecommunica-
                                                                         tions/economic-impact-disruptions-to-inter-
                           40  Stanek, R. 2019. “Four Steps to Help Prepare   net-connectivity-deloitte.pdf
                              for an Increasingly Balkanized Internet”. 07
                              November 2019. Forbes. https://www.forbes.  46  Accenture. 2017. Digital Fragmentation:
                              com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2019/11/07/four-  Adapt to Succeed in a Fragmented World.
                              steps-to-help-prepare-for-an-increasingly-  Accenture. https://www.accenture.com/_
                              balkanized-internet/#7a8589086755; Russia   acnmedia/pdf-60/accenture-digital-fragmen-
                              Today. 2019. “Russia to Launch ‘Independent   tation-interactive-pov.pdf#zoom=50
                              Internet’ for BRICS Nations – Report”. Russia
                              Today. 28 November 2017. https://www.   47  Hao, K. 2019. “Training a Single AI Model
                              rt.com/russia/411156-russia-to-launch-inde-  Can Emit as Much Carbon as Five Cars in
                              pendent-internet/                          Their Lifetimes. Deep Learning Has a Terrible
                                                                         Carbon Footprint”. MIT Technology Review.
                           41  KTU (Kaunas University of Technology).    06 June 2019. https://www.technologyre-
                              2019. “Patent Filings around the World: Can   view.com/s/613630/training-a-single-ai-mod-
                              Lithuania Compete?” KTU News. 23 October   el-can-emit-as-much-carbon-as-five-cars-in-
                              2019. https://en.ktu.edu/news/patent-filings-  their-lifetimes/
                              around-the-world-can-lithuania-compete/;
                              Benassi, M., E. Grinza and F. Rentocchini.   48  Wagner, K. 2019. “Facebook Says Cen-
                              2019. “The Rush for Patents in the Fourth   tral Banks Have Nothing to Fear from
                              Industrial Revolution: An Exploration of   Libra”. Bloomberg. 17 September 2019.
                              Patenting Activity at the European Patent   https://www.bloomberg.com/news/arti-
                              Office”. SPRU Working Papers Series, SWPS   cles/2019-09-17/facebook-says-central-
                              2019-12 (June). Sussex: University of Sussex   banks-have-nothing-to-fear-from-libra
                              Business School. https://www.sussex.ac.uk/
                              webteam/gateway/file.php?name=2019-12-  49  IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2019.
                              swps-benassi-et-al.pdf&site=25             Opening Statement by Christine Lagarde to
                                                                         the Economic and Monetary Affairs Commit-
                           42  Tao, A. L. 2019. “Black Hat Asia 2019: Get   tee of the European Parliament. 04 Sep-
                              Ready for the Cyber Arms Race”. Compu-     tember 2019. https://www.imf.org/en/News/
                              terWeekly.com. 02 April 2019. https://www.  Articles/2019/09/04/sp090419-Opening-
                              computerweekly.com/news/252460807/         Statement-by-Christine-Lagarde-to-ECON-
                              Black-Hat-Asia-2019-Get-ready-for-the-cy-  Committee-of-European-Parliament
                              ber-arms-race
                                                                      50  UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on
                                                                         Trade and Development). 2019. Digital Econ-
                                                                         omy Report 2019. Value Creation and Cap-
                                                                         ture: Implications for Developing Countries.
                                                                         New York: United Nations. https://unctad.org/
                                                                         en/PublicationsLibrary/der2019_en.pdf



          70  Wild Wide Web
   70   71   72   73   74   75   76   77   78   79   80