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Notes

1 ITU (International Telecommunication Union). 11 Palmer, D. 2019. “Hackers Target Transporta-
2019. Measuring Digital Development: Facts tion and Shipping Companies in new Trojan
and Figures 2019. Geneva: ITU. https://www. Malware Campaign”. ZDNet. 23 September
itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/ 2019. https://www.zdnet.com/article/hack-
FactsFigures2019.pdf ers-target-transportation-and-shipping-in-
dustries-in-new-trojan-malware-campaign/
2 Kemp, S. 2019. “Digital 2019: Global Digital
Overview”. Datareportal. https://datareportal. 12 Chokshi, N. 2019. “Hackers Are Holding
com/reports/digital-2019-global-digital-over- Baltimore Hostage: How They Struck and
view What’s Next”. The New York Times. 22 May
2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/
3 Turner, A. 2019. “How Many Phones Are in us/baltimore-ransomware.html
the World?” Bankmycell. https://www.bank-
mycell.com/blog/how-many-phones-are-in- 13 Keesem, L. 2019. “The Business of Organ-
the-world ized Cybercrime: Rising Intergang Collab-
oration in 2018”. SecurityIntelligence. 20
4 PwC. 2019. “Sizing the Prize. What’s the Real March 2019. https://securityintelligence.com/
Value of AI for Your Business and How Can the-business-of-organized-cybercrime-ris-
You Capitalise?” https://www.pwc.com/gx/ ing-intergang-collaboration-in-2018/
en/issues/analytics/assets/pwc-ai-analysis-
sizing-the-prize-report.pdf 14 Eoyang, M., A. Peters, I. Mehta and B.
Gaskew. 2018. To Catch a Hacker: Toward a
5 Patel, K. 2018. “Smart Phones Bring Smart Comprehensive Strategy to Identify, Pur-
Irrigation”. NASA Earth Observatory. https:// sue, and Punish Malicious Cyber Actors.
earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/92903/ Third Way. 29 October 2018. https://www.
smart-phones-bring-smart-irrigation thirdway.org/report/to-catch-a-hacker-to-
ward-a-comprehensive-strategy-to-identi-
6 Amputee Coalition. 2019. “3D Printed Pros- fy-pursue-and-punish-malicious-cyber-actors
thetics, Where Are We Today”. Amputee Co-
alition Blog post, 08 February 2019. https:// 15 Gartner. 2017. Leading the IoT: Gartner In-
www.amputee-coalition.org/3d-printed-pros- sights on How to Lead in a Connected World.
thetics/ https://www.gartner.com/imagesrv/books/
iot/iotEbook_digital.pdf (page 2).
7 Chapman, M. M. 2019. “Self-Driving Cars
Could Be Boon for Aged, After Initial Hur- 16 IDC (International Data Corporation). 2019.
dles”. The New York Times. 23 March 2017. “The Growth in Connected IoT Devices Is Ex-
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/23/auto- pected to Generate 79.4ZB of Data in 2025,
mobiles/wheels/self-driving-cars-elderly.html According to a New IDC Forecast”. IDC. 18
June 2019. https://www.idc.com/getdoc.
8 Roberts, D. 2019. “Smarter Cities Will be jsp?containerId=prUS45213219
More Efficient Cities”. Forbes Council post,
22 November 2019. https://www.forbes. 17 Doffman, Z. 2019. “Cyberattacks on IoT
com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2019/11/22/ Devices Surge 300% in 2019, ‘Measured in
smarter-cities-will-be-more-efficient-cit- Billions’, Report Claims”. Forbes. 14 Sept.
ies/#3bd950332128 2019. https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdof-
fman/2019/09/14/dangerous-cyberattacks-
9 Siemens and Ponemon Institute. 2019. on-iot-devices-up-300-in-2019-now-ram-
Caught in the Crosshairs: Are Utilities pant-report-claims/#45642d105892
Keeping Up with the Industrial Cyber Threat?
Houston: Siemens Gas and Power. https:// 18 Venkat, A. 2019. “Wikipedia Investigates
assets.new.siemens.com/siemens/assets/ DDoS Attack”. Bankinfosecurity.com, Infor-
api/uuid:35089d45-e1c2-4b8b-b4e9-7ce- mation Security Media Group (ISMG). 09
8cae81eaa/version:1572434569/siemens-cy- September 2019. https://www.bankinfose-
bersecurity.pdf curity.com/wikipedia-investigates-ddos-at-
tack-a-13049
10 Muresan, R. 2019. “Healthcare Continues
to Be Prime Target for Cyber Attacks”. 19 Collard, A. 2019. “Large-Scale IoT Attack
Bitdefender Business Insights Blog post. Coming”. Gadget. 6 December 2019. https://
07 January 2019. https://businessinsights. gadget.co.za/large-scale-iot-attack-coming/
bitdefender.com/healthcare-prime-target-for-
cyber-attacks

68 Wild Wide Web